If you're contemplating pursuing treatment for a mental health condition, it can be challenging to determine the appropriate starting point. A variety of professionals are available to offer assistance, but discerning the right fit for your specific situation can be perplexing. You may encounter various terms in this context, such as psychiatrist, therapist, psychologist, social worker, counselor, and others.

Each of these professionals can provide support if you're facing challenges, but it's beneficial to comprehend the distinctions among them. This way, you can evaluate and determine the most suitable option for your needs.

In this discussion, we will explore the fundamental distinctions between a therapist and a psychiatrist, offering guidance on initiating your mental health care journey.

Key Distinctions Between Therapists and Psychiatrists

Therapists are skilled and licensed professionals (including psychologists and social workers) trained to assist individuals with various mental health conditions. Typically, the therapeutic process involves engaging in talk therapy (a broad category that includes many types of therapy). Psychologists are also trained to conduct tests and evaluations to determine certain conditions and/or capabilities.

Psychiatrists are licensed medical professionals (i.e., doctors or physicians) with expertise in addressing mental health issues through the administration of medications and, at times, counseling. Their specialization extends to the evaluation and exclusion of potential underlying physical health concerns, and they may prescribe laboratory tests for this purpose.

What is a Therapist?

The term "therapist" is inclusive of various licensed professionals such as social workers, mental health counselors, psychologists, professional counselors, marriage and family therapists, and psychoanalysts. In the United States, practitioners in the field of therapy must be state licensed and possess a master's degree, PhD or PsyD in a discipline pertinent to psychology, mental health or counseling. Therapists do not have the authority to prescribe medication to their patients.

Licensed specialists undergo extensive training to assist individuals in addressing diverse mental health conditions through evidence-based treatment approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), psychodynamic therapy, mindfulness-based therapies, trauma therapy, grief counseling, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and other methods.

Skilled therapists are capable of attentively engaging with you in order to guide you through your thoughts and emotions, thereby enhancing your mental wellness through various therapeutic approaches. Conducting therapy typically entails regular sessions (which are conducted online, in person or using a hybrid approach) that are centered around open dialogue. During these sessions, individuals explore their thoughts & emotions, collaborate on problem-solving techniques, and develop coping mechanisms tailored to address their specific conditions.

Certain psychologists, commonly referred to as clinical psychologists, may also possess expertise in various forms of testing (including neuropsychological testing). These specialized forms of testing and assessments are often essential to the behavioral health diagnostic process.

Individuals seeking therapy may not exclusively grapple with mental health conditions. Therapists also play a valuable role in assisting anyone dealing with relationship issues or other interpersonal and/or emotional challenges and situations.

What is a Psychiatrist? 

Psychiatrists are physicians, with either an M.D. or D.O. degree, focused on the diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions as well as substance use disorders. Psychiatrists are equipped to address a wide spectrum of complex mental health conditions, spanning from mild to severe. Similar to other medical practitioners, they undergo rigorous education, attending medical school to obtain a medical degree and completing residency training within their specialized field.

Psychiatrists undergo extensive education and training, typically spanning over 12 years, and sometimes more depending on their chosen specialty. As licensed physicians, they possess the authority to prescribe medications and are equipped to address both the physical and mental aspects of their patients' conditions.

After initiating a course of care, a psychiatrist and a new client will review and discuss a broad range of topics including background details, medical history & symptoms, employment & life conditions, past & present interpersonal situations and other factors. A psychiatrist will examine potential underlying physical health issues, such as thyroid abnormalities, as certain mental health symptoms can coincide with manifestations of physical conditions. Following a comprehensive assessment process (which can take up to three sessions), a new client will receive an appropriate diagnosis as well as a suggested treatment plan. Psychiatrists collaborate with their clients to implement such treatment plans, which may involve medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both.

Psychiatrists monitor progress in implementation of treatment plans by evaluating responses to prescribed medications and psychotherapy (as applicable), and then make adjustments as necessary. The ongoing monitoring process includes safely modifying medication dosage levels, as well as considering the addition or discontinuation of medications. The overall goal is to gauge comprehensive progress over time in mitigating symptoms and alleviating underlying causes of behavioral health conditions.

Should I consult with a psychiatrist or therapist (or both)?

The choice between consulting a psychiatrist or a therapist, or both, depends on your specific needs and the nature of your concerns.

Psychiatrist:

• Psychiatrists are physicians with expertise in the field of mental health. They can diagnose mental health conditions, prescribe medication, and provide medical treatments.
• If your concerns involve symptoms that may benefit from medication, such as depression, anxiety, or certain mood disorders, a psychiatrist may be appropriate.
• Psychiatrists typically focus on the biological aspects of mental health.

Therapist (Psychologist, Counselor, Social Worker):

• Therapists are trained to provide talk therapy and counseling. Support is available to assist you in delving into and comprehending your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
• Therapists often focus on psychological and emotional aspects of mental health and can provide support for a wide range of issues, including stress, relationship problems, and personal development.
• If you prefer non-medication approaches or are looking for support in coping with life challenges, a therapist may be a good choice.
  

Both:

• In some cases, a combination of medication and therapy may be the most effective approach. For example, if you have a condition like depression, a psychiatrist may prescribe medication to alleviate symptoms, while a therapist can help you explore the underlying issues and develop coping strategies.

Before deciding, consider the nature and severity of your concerns, your preferences, and any previous experiences you've had with mental health professionals. It might also be helpful to consult with a primary care physician, who can provide guidance on whether medication may be beneficial and refer you to appropriate mental health professionals.
Keep in mind that seeking professional help is a positive step towards taking care of your mental health. If you're unsure, you may want to start by consulting with a mental health professional who can help you determine the most appropriate course of action based on your individual needs.

Why might a psychiatrist recommend seeing a therapist?

A psychiatrist might recommend seeing a therapist for several reasons, as part of a comprehensive approach to mental health care. While psychiatrists focus on medication management and the biological aspects of mental health, therapists provide psychotherapy or counseling to address psychological, emotional, and behavioral aspects. Here are some common reasons why a psychiatrist might recommend therapy:

Comprehensive Treatment:

• Psychiatry and therapy can complement each other to provide a more comprehensive treatment approach. Medication may address certain symptoms, while therapy can help individuals explore and understand underlying issues, develop coping strategies, and make positive behavioral changes.

Psychological and Emotional Support:

• Therapists are trained to provide emotional support and help individuals navigate challenges in their lives. Therapy can be beneficial for managing stress, improving relationships, coping with life transitions, and enhancing overall well-being.

Behavioral Interventions:

• Therapists can assist individuals in implementing behavioral changes and developing healthier coping mechanisms. This can be particularly important for conditions where behavioral strategies are integral to recovery.

Exploration of Personal Issues:

• Therapy allows individuals to explore and gain insight into their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It provides a safe space to discuss and process emotions, past experiences, and relationships, contributing to personal growth and self-awareness.

Support for Specific Issues:

• Psychiatrists may refer individuals to therapists who specialize in specific issues, such as trauma, grief, addiction, or relationship problems. Specialized therapy can address the unique challenges associated with these issues.

Why might a therapist recommend consulting with a psychiatrist?

A therapist might recommend consulting with a psychiatrist for several reasons, and the decision is typically based on the specific needs and circumstances of the individual. Here are some common reasons why a therapist might suggest involving a psychiatrist:

Potential Need for Medication:

• If a therapist assesses that the individual's symptoms may be significantly alleviated or managed with medication, they might recommend consulting a psychiatrist. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe and monitor the use of psychiatric medications.

Complex Mental Health Conditions:

• In cases where a person presents with complex or severe mental health conditions, such as certain mood disorders or psychotic disorders, a psychiatrist may be better equipped to provide a comprehensive assessment and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Biological and Neurochemical Factors:

• Therapists often focus on psychological and emotional aspects of mental health, while psychiatrists are trained to consider biological and neurochemical factors. If there is a suspicion that a person's symptoms have a significant biological component, a psychiatrist may be consulted to evaluate whether medication could be beneficial.

Collaborative Treatment Approach:

• In many situations, a collaborative approach involving both therapy and medication management can be effective. The therapist and psychiatrist can work together to address different aspects of the individual's mental health, combining talk therapy with medication when necessary.

Diagnosis Confirmation:

• Psychiatrists are trained to diagnose mental health conditions, and their expertise can help confirm or refine a diagnosis. This can be particularly important when the presentation of symptoms is complex or when there is uncertainty about the underlying issues.

Crisis Intervention:

• In cases of acute psychiatric crises, where immediate intervention may be necessary, a psychiatrist can provide rapid assessment and prescribe medications if needed. Therapists may refer individuals to a psychiatrist for urgent or emergency situations.

It's important to note that the decision to involve a psychiatrist is made collaboratively, and therapists typically discuss the recommendation with their clients. The goal is to ensure that individuals receive the most appropriate and comprehensive care for their specific needs. If you are considering therapy and your therapist recommends consulting with a psychiatrist, it's advisable to have an open and transparent discussion about the reasons for the recommendation and how it fits into your overall treatment plan.

Want to read more?

• How to Find a Psychiatrist or Therapist Who’s a Good Match for You